Event 7 · Export controls
US curbs exports of advanced chips and chip tools to China
On 7 October 2022 the US Commerce Department restricted China's access to advanced chips and to the equipment that makes them, and tightened the rules in October 2023 and December 2024. Japan's controls on 23 types of chip-making equipment took effect on 23 July 2023 and the Netherlands' on 1 September 2023.
- 7 Oct 2022 – ongoingdates
- 4economies named
- 2products watched
- 10sources
Before and after
Chip-making equipment, Sep 2023 against Sep 2022, lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier). Economies are coloured by the change in their trade; the economies the event names have a dashed ring.
Loading the network…
What to watch China's imports of chip-making machines before and after each round of controls, and the shares of Japan, the Netherlands and the US among its suppliers; China's chip trade alongside.
Measured, not asserted
Changes on a year earlier and in partner shares between Sep 2022 and Sep 2023. They say what moved in the window, not why it moved.
World trade in chip-making equipment: change on a year earlier
World trade in chip-making equipment, lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier): +9.1% in Sep 2022 (the base), −9.1% in Sep 2023. Lowest since the base: −13.7% in Aug 2023.
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
The named economies’ chip-making equipment trade, Sep 2023 against a year earlier
Largest fall: United States exports −34.2%; largest rise: Netherlands imports +61.9%.
| Share of | Filed | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chip-making equipment | United States | imports | −13% | yes |
| Chip-making equipment | United States | exports | −34.2% | yes |
| Chip-making equipment | China | imports | +30.8% | yes |
| Chip-making equipment | China | exports | +23.7% | yes |
| Chip-making equipment | Japan | imports | −25.9% | yes |
| Chip-making equipment | Japan | exports | −26.9% | yes |
| Chip-making equipment | Netherlands | imports | +61.9% | yes |
| Chip-making equipment | Netherlands | exports | +21.3% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | United States | imports | −15.2% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | United States | exports | −15.6% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | China | imports | −16% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | China | exports | −7.3% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | Japan | imports | −15.9% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | Japan | exports | −8.1% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | Netherlands | imports | −12.9% | yes |
| Integrated circuits | Netherlands | exports | +9.5% | yes |
Diversion: partner shares, Sep 2022 to Sep 2023
Largest move: Netherlands → China, +36.1 pp (10.6% → 46.6%).
| Share of | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Japan → United States | imports | 38.3% | 26.8% | −11.5 pp |
| Singapore → United States | imports | 12.9% | 16.5% | +3.6 pp |
| Netherlands → United States | imports | 7.9% | 9.6% | +1.7 pp |
| China → United States | imports | 6.8% | 6.1% | −0.7 pp |
| Malaysia → United States | imports | 8.2% | 6% | −2.2 pp |
| United States → China | exports | 21.2% | 28.2% | +7 pp |
| United States → Taiwan | exports | 22.3% | 14.8% | −7.5 pp |
| United States → Korea | exports | 18.5% | 15.2% | −3.3 pp |
| United States → Singapore | exports | 12.9% | 8.1% | −4.8 pp |
| United States → Japan | exports | 9.5% | 9.2% | −0.3 pp |
| Japan → China | imports | 32.4% | 26.5% | −5.9 pp |
| United States → China | imports | 16% | 10.7% | −5.3 pp |
| Singapore → China | imports | 12.3% | 13.5% | +1.2 pp |
| Netherlands → China | imports | 5.6% | 22.7% | +17.1 pp |
| Korea → China | imports | 14.2% | 8.1% | −6.1 pp |
| China → Singapore | exports | 22% | 10.6% | −11.4 pp |
| China → United States | exports | 15.2% | 9.5% | −5.6 pp |
| China → Hong Kong | exports | 7.6% | 5.6% | −1.9 pp |
| China → Taiwan | exports | 12.1% | 5.5% | −6.6 pp |
| China → India | exports | 4% | 11.1% | +7.1 pp |
| United States → Japan | imports | 39.5% | 33.8% | −5.6 pp |
| Singapore → Japan | imports | 15.7% | 14.2% | −1.5 pp |
| Netherlands → Japan | imports | 15.1% | 2.7% | −12.4 pp |
| Korea → Japan | imports | 8.3% | 17.2% | +8.9 pp |
| Taiwan → Japan | imports | 3.2% | 12.3% | +9 pp |
| Japan → China | exports | 35.2% | 51.6% | +16.4 pp |
| Japan → Taiwan | exports | 21.2% | 10.6% | −10.6 pp |
| Japan → Korea | exports | 14.1% | 11.9% | −2.2 pp |
| Japan → United States | exports | 13.2% | 10.9% | −2.2 pp |
| Japan → Singapore | exports | 7.1% | 2.9% | −4.2 pp |
| Germany → Netherlands | imports | 60% | 69.8% | +9.8 pp |
| United States → Netherlands | imports | 18.3% | 14.6% | −3.7 pp |
| Taiwan → Netherlands | imports | 6.5% | 4.3% | −2.2 pp |
| Korea → Netherlands | imports | 4.6% | 3.1% | −1.5 pp |
| Japan → Netherlands | imports | 3.2% | 2.4% | −0.9 pp |
| Netherlands → Taiwan | exports | 46.4% | 20.1% | −26.3 pp |
| Netherlands → Korea | exports | 26.2% | 22.7% | −3.6 pp |
| Netherlands → China | exports | 10.6% | 46.6% | +36.1 pp |
| Netherlands → United States | exports | 4.8% | 4.2% | −0.6 pp |
| Netherlands → Japan | exports | 5.2% | 0.57% | −4.7 pp |
Who gained and lost share of world chip-making equipment exports
Shares of world chip-making equipment exports, Sep 2022 to Sep 2023: gained most: Netherlands +4.6 pp; lost most: United States −5.6 pp.
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
Who gained and lost share of world integrated circuits exports
Shares of world integrated circuits exports, Sep 2022 to Sep 2023: gained most: Taiwan +1.5 pp; lost most: Korea −2.6 pp.
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
Reading the numbers
Documented context for the figures above that run against the event’s headline. The measurements stand as they are; each item cites its sources.
Jul–Sep 2023 ends on the day the Dutch rule took effect (1 September 2023) and precedes the US tightening of 17 October 2023. In the series on this page the Dutch share going to China held at 42–47% through March 2024, and China's imports were still +69% on a year earlier.
- Scope of the measure
Netherlands → China: 10.6% → 46.6% of Dutch chip-making equipment exports, $510m → $2.7bn (Jul–Sep 2022 → Jul–Sep 2023). The Dutch licence rule in force from 1 September 2023 covers only ASML's most advanced immersion DUV systems (NXT:2000i and later). ASML says Chinese customers had received far fewer systems than ordered in 2021–22, and other customers' 2023 delays let it backfill those orders for mature and mid-critical nodes; its net sales to China rose from €2.9bn (2022) to €7.3bn (2023). [7] [8]
- Business cycle
China's chip-making equipment imports +30.8% ($9.2bn → $12.0bn) while world trade fell 9.0%. SEMI's industry figures for 2023 show the same split: equipment billings in China rose 29% to $36.6bn, the largest market, while worldwide billings fell 1.3% to $106.3bn; Korea fell 7% on softer demand and the memory inventory correction, and Taiwan 27%. [9]
- Share effect
Japan → China: 35.2% → 51.6% of Japan's chip-making equipment exports, but only +$209m (+7%). Japan's exports fell 26.9% overall ($8.5bn → $6.2bn): Japan → Taiwan lost $1.1bn (−63.6%) and Japan → United States $438m, in the year SEMI records a 27% fall in Taiwan's equipment purchases. Most of the share gain is the denominator shrinking, not more tools going to China. [9]
- Scope of the measure
United States chip-making equipment exports −34.2% ($7.0bn → $4.6bn). US → China fell only $183m (−12%); the fall is in Taiwan (−$875m), Korea (−$593m) and Singapore (−$526m), which the controls do not touch. The October 2022 rule's equipment licence requirement applies to fabs making logic at 16/14 nm or below, DRAM at 18 nm half-pitch or below and NAND with 128 layers or more. [1] [10]
Partner shares, economy by economy
Each named economy’s five largest partners over the window, in fixed colours, with the rest as Other. The table gives the change in percentage points between Sep 2022 and Sep 2023.
United States: chip-making equipment imports by supplier
Japan: 38.3% in Sep 2022, 26.8% in Sep 2023 (−11.5 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
United States: chip-making equipment exports by destination
China: 21.2% in Sep 2022, 28.2% in Sep 2023 (+7 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
China: chip-making equipment imports by supplier
Japan: 32.4% in Sep 2022, 26.5% in Sep 2023 (−5.9 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
China: chip-making equipment exports by destination
Singapore: 22% in Sep 2022, 10.6% in Sep 2023 (−11.4 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
Japan: chip-making equipment imports by supplier
United States: 39.5% in Sep 2022, 33.8% in Sep 2023 (−5.6 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
Japan: chip-making equipment exports by destination
China: 35.2% in Sep 2022, 51.6% in Sep 2023 (+16.4 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
Netherlands: chip-making equipment imports by supplier
Germany: 60% in Sep 2022, 69.8% in Sep 2023 (+9.8 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
Netherlands: chip-making equipment exports by destination
Taiwan: 46.4% in Sep 2022, 20.1% in Sep 2023 (−26.3 pp).
Source: UN Comtrade monthly data, all reporters that filed; mirror rule; lens M (3-month sum against a year earlier).
Timeline
- US restricts advanced chips and chip tools for China [1]
- Japan's controls on 23 types of chip tools take effect [3]
- Dutch licence requirement for advanced chip tools starts [4]
- US tightens and widens the 2022 rules [2]
- Netherlands extends licences to more DUV lithography tools [4]
- US adds controls on more chip tools and on HBM memory [5]
- US moves Nvidia H200 sales to China to case-by-case review [6]
What else changed
World exports of chip-making equipment changed −9% between Sep 2022 and Sep 2023.
Other events in the same window:
- Japan tightens chip-material exports to Korea · 4 Jul 2019 – 23 Mar 2023
- WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic · 11 Mar 2020 – 5 May 2023
- Russia invades Ukraine; oil and potash sanctions follow · 24 Feb 2022 – ongoing
- China licenses exports of gallium, germanium and graphite · 1 Aug 2023 – ongoing
Values are in US dollars: prices and exchange rates move them as well as volumes, and this page does not separate them. None of the numbers here says why trade moved.
Documented context for the figures that run against the headline is in “Reading the numbers”, with sources.
Coverage
Who has filed
121 economies had filed Sep 2023, 100% of 2024 world exports. Every named economy filed the months shown.
Sources
- Commerce Implements New Export Controls on Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items to the People's Republic of China (PRC) · US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security · 7 Oct 2022
- Commerce Strengthens Restrictions on Advanced Computing Semiconductors, Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment, and Supercomputing Items to Countries of Concern · US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security · 17 Oct 2023
- Japan announces amendment of export control regulations on additional semiconductor-related items · Baker McKenzie (Tokyo), client alert · 30 May 2023
- The Netherlands expands export control measure for advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment · Government of the Netherlands · 6 Sep 2024
- Foreign-Produced Direct Product Rule Additions, and Refinements to Controls for Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items (89 FR 96790) · Federal Register (Bureau of Industry and Security) · 5 Dec 2024
- Revision to License Review Policy for Advanced Computing Commodities · Federal Register (Bureau of Industry and Security) · 15 Jan 2026
- Kabinet publiceert aanvullende exportmaatregelen geavanceerde productieapparatuur voor halfgeleiders · Rijksoverheid (Ministerie van Buitenlandse Zaken) · 30 Jun 2023
- 2023 Annual Report based on US GAAP (Form 6-K) · ASML Holding N.V., via SEC EDGAR · 14 Feb 2024
- Global Semiconductor Equipment Billings Slip to $106.3 Billion in 2023, SEMI Reports · SEMI · 10 Apr 2024
- Implementation of Additional Export Controls: Certain Advanced Computing and Semiconductor Manufacturing Items; Supercomputer and Semiconductor End Use; Entity List Modification (87 FR 62186) · Federal Register (Bureau of Industry and Security) · 13 Oct 2022